Tasnim International Journal for Human, Social and Legal Sciences

نظرة واقعية على الرؤية الثقافية في السودان

عبدالقادر عبدالرحيم — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

In this research، we touched on an important and distinct topic of Sudan's civil and societal history، in which we dealt with the distribution of the research into four demands، the first dealt with a brief about Arab culture in northern، western and eastern Sudan، then we began to demand to talk about the general culture in southern Sudan، then came the role in the third requirement on the general cultural identity of Sudanese society، Finally، we concluded the research in the fourth requirement to the development of Sudanese identity in Sudanese civil society، and we concluded the research with the conclusion and results of the research and its recommendations.

Limitation between Sharia and law A comparative jurisprudence study

Asst. Prof. Dr Seham Ali Hussein Al-Nasseri — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The statute of limitation is a legal system in which time is an essential element. Most of the man-made laws adhere to it. Law commentators consider that the statute of limitations is the source of the Roman law، which is considered the basis for the laws of the Middle Ages in Europe، and the subsequent modern laws، such as the French law.

The Intellectual and Cognitive Rooting in its Historical Dimensions: Lady Fatima (Peace Be Upon Her) as a Case Study

علاء حسن مردان اللامي, علي طالب عبيد السلطاني — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

Whoever looks at the life of Lady Fatima al-Zahra, peace be upon her, will have intellectual and cognitive perceptions about all her social, political and economic positions, and by reading historical texts and observing them with concentration, he will see that there is a rooting that Lady al-Zahra (peace be upon her) intended to be a witness to the events of the era of the message and what the affairs of Sharia After the coup, there are ideas or questions that many interested and researchers have in mind, the first of which is the nature of her short life, which did not exceed eighteen years, and the second is its impact on the emergence of the upper house, and the third is its attitudes towards the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) whether In the era of the message or after his death, and the most important thing in that life is what we see in the grief of Lady Fatimah, peace be upon her, for her father? As she suffered a lot from civil society, she intended in her speech to know that society with the positives and negatives that reflected their positions from the era of the Muhammadiyah message, so they were its supporters, but they were not like that after his death, so they did not stay on their approach, but changed their thinking and impression about the prophethood, the Imamate or the caliphate from After him, and this issue is very important, as there are facts that happened after the death of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), but the civil society did not care about it and tried not to give it that importance that was clear in the thought of Lady Fatima, peace be upon her, so the idea of research came as an attempt In re-examination of her intellectual and epistemological positions in order to give a coherent picture in its content of the subject in order to reach a new reading to understand those positions, as it is not wise for Lady Al-Zahra (peace be upon her) to grieve and go out to the grave of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) and complain to him about what It happened after him, so was she, by her exit at that time, trying to reflect on the civil society that she was not satisfied with their attitudes towards the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) after finding them that he had failed him in his will and did not support him, rather they stood by falsehood and supported him, or did Mrs. Zahraa see It wanted to reflect another fact that the Prophet of Mercy (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) was killed by a conspiracy by some and this is what made her sadder day after day. Lady Fatima al-Zahra, peace be upon her, in the life of her father, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), while the second axis will focus on the grief of Lady al-Zahra (peace be upon him) in the historical accounts, and the third axis: it is about al-Zahra in the balance of the people of Medina after the death of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him). With this division, the research will be an attempt to extrapolate the reality of the state of that era and what happened or what happened close to an event that occurred at that time. And may God bless him and grant him peace) even several of the five weeping ones. This sadness carries secrets that the narrations did not disclose directly, but rather kept its truth in the meanings it carried, indicating that Zahra’s insistence on her grief indicates that she tried to reverse a painful truth that occurred that will remain clear through subsequent generations. I stayed life.

Reproach in the Poetry of Al-Sayyid Al-Himairi: A Descriptive Analytical Study

محمد قاسم حسين — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research seeks to understand the poems of reproach, blame, and reprimand that were mentioned by Sayyid Al-Himyari and which formed a phenomenon for the poet. The importance of the research lies in uncovering a phenomenon in one of the greatest veteran poets in the Umayyad and Abbasid states, Sayyid Al-Himyari. The research aims to identify the reasons and causes of the reproach phenomenon in the poet Sayyid Al-Himyari, as well as to know the themes of reproach mentioned by the poet, and also to understand the most important aspects related to the structure of the poems on this subject. The research methodology included an introduction to explain the research topic in terms of importance, as well as a summary of the biography of the poet Sayyid Al-Himyari as he is considered one of the poets of the Ahl al-Bayt, in addition to stating that the poet is one of the most poets who composed poetry, especially in praising and eulogizing the Ahl al-Bayt and satirizing their opponents, which prompted us to follow the reproach phenomenon in his poetry to reveal its relationship with what the poet believes in terms of love and following the family of the Prophet Muhammad. The research also included an introduction that addressed the meaning of reproach in language and terminology, followed by three axes: The first axis: We dedicated it to knowing the reasons and causes of reproach in Sayyid Al-Himyari. The second axis: It was dedicated to explaining the themes of reproach or stating the poet's condition in reproach. The third axis: It included some artistic aspects in the structure of the reproach poems mentioned in the poetry of Sayyid Al-Himyari. The conclusion includes the most important results that we reached after following, studying, and analyzing the reproach phenomenon in the poet.

Generated Proverbs in Al-Midani's Proverbs Collection: An Analytical Study

عهود حسين جبر, رحيم خريبط عطية — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The proverbs generated did not receive the care that the ancient proverbs did, and it seems that this matter came in line with the scholars' tendency to reject the modern and sanctify the old. Through these proverbs, the new environment was reflected for people with all their values, way of thinking and way of life, and those proverbs were close to their souls because they express them accurately. The proverbs generated differ from the old proverbs in two things, the first of which is the ease of the phrase and its innocence from the strange and brutal words and this phenomenon One of the characteristics of Abbasid literature and its features in poetry and prose, the second of which is the emergence of verbal artifacts in clearly generated proverbs and this is also a feature of Abbasid literature. Through the proverbs generated, we can grasp the tremendous change that has occurred in Arab society and the great transition from desert life to civil life. Proverbs are of great importance in the life of society, and they are an important element of literature and a tremendous linguistic wealth, especially the ancient proverbs. They are a reference from the eloquent language references.

Keywords: Ancient proverbs, newly coined proverbs, Abbasid literature, Arab society's transformation.

Human Security Determinants in Thi Qar Governorate: A Case Study of Intellectual Security

ستار جبار ورور الركابي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The foundations of the power of states are multiplied based on their natural and human resources and ways of investing them in a way that achieves development and internal stability that is reflected in their relations, geopolitical strength and influence internationally. The people are able to take their vital role. The requirements of human security must be fulfilled for them, including intellectual security, which will be dealt with in this research through three sections. The first of which dealt with the definition of human security, and the second dealt with the elements of human security. Dhi Qar Governorate located in southern Iraq as the study area, then conclusions and proposals.

The Golden Behavior of Leadership and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction in the Tourism Sector: An Exploratory Study in Tourist Hotels

نضال عبد الله ياسين المالكي, حسين محمد علي كشكول, محمد مجيد جواد الحمداني — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

This study aimed to analyse the impact of golden-mannered leadership on customer satisfaction in the tourism sector, with a focus on tourist hotels. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of tourists in the holy city of Karbala and Najaf, and the number of questionnaires that were distributed reached (125) questionnaires for the purpose of collecting data. Statistical techniques were used to analyse data and determine the relationship between leadership with golden behaviour and customer satisfaction. The study found results indicating a positive and strong correlation between golden-mannered leadership and customer satisfaction in the tourism sector. Based on these results, the study recommends that the leaders of tourist hotels in the holy city of Karbala and Najaf pay special attention to developing golden behaviour in their leadership they must adopt the principles of ethical leadership, effective communication with customers, encourage sustainability and provide quality service. Continuous training and development should also be provided to leaders to enhance golden driving behaviour and improve the customer experience.

The Impact of Inverted Learning Strategy on Developing the Need for Knowledge and Learning Some Compound Offensive Skills in Basketball among Students of Al-Ma'arif University College

ملاذ حيدر احمد — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research aims to identify the impact of the inverted learning strategy in developing the need for knowledge and learning some compound offensive skills in basketball among the students of the University College of Knowledge, as well as in addition to knowing which gives better results in the research variables (the inverted learning strategy or the followed approach) , and the researcher used the experimental approach Due to its suitability to the nature of the research, the research sample was represented by (49) second-stage students who were divided into two groups, with (22) students representing the control group and (27) students representing the experimental group. Pre-tests were conducted for them in the measure of the need for knowledge as well as some offensive skills. basketball for students, and then the independent variable was applied in relation to the strategy (reversed learning) for the experimental group, then the (applied approach) was applied for the control group. spss) , and the researcher concluded that the flipped learning strategy has a positive effect in developing the need for knowledge and learning some offensive skills in basketball.

The phenomenon of accent in Arabic dialects- (Phonological study)

Dr.Bushra Husssein Ali Al-Fadhli — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The stress is one of the important topics in modern phonological studies, because it has an effect on clarifying the intentions of the speakers, and clarifying the meaning required of the whole, and the stress is an embroidering phoneme phenomenon that appears in spoken speech. The opinions of modern scholars about the knowledge of Arab scholars about the phenomenon of stress have varied, and some went to deny this knowledge when others confirmed the Arabs' knowledge of this phonemic phenomenon, and this is evident in the classical Arabic language and dialects as well. The orientalists had a pioneering role in the study of Arabic dialects and the phonemic phenomena in them, especially the colloquial (modern) dialects, and the modernists followed them in the interest in studying Arabic dialects, and they set general rules for stress in the Arabic dialects in separate places in the Arab world.

The Role of the Parliament in Approving State Financial Affairs (The Iraqi Budget Law - Triennial - for the Years 2023-2025 as a Model)

سلمان كامل سلمان الجبوري, زينة صاحب كوزان السيلاوي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The tools used in public finance for the state are the budget, as it is prepared and executed to achieve various objectives and goals, including political, economic, social, and financial ones. In addition, it serves the public interest as the legislative document that determines the state's financial situation during the fiscal year and reflects the government's directions and policies during that period and its goals through the general budget. The budget must encompass both general revenues and expenditures, which are approved by parliament during the fiscal year. Therefore, the general budget is an administrative act, as it includes the total amount to be spent within the fiscal year and the revenues to be obtained. The general budget must be legislated by the legislative authority to give it a legal form as a legislative act issued by the legislative authority according to the procedures specified in the state's constitution. Thus, parliamentary councils play a significant role in state financial affairs, given the importance of public funds in providing a better life for citizens and achieving the society's goals. One of the most important financial matters is the general budget, as it represents the state's financial face through which decisions regarding general revenues and expenditures are made. Therefore, the constitution and related laws specify a specific date for the government to submit the draft law of the general budget to the House of Representatives each year for scrutiny and decision-making. The House may approve it as presented by the executive authority or after making some amendments. The House's decision may also be negative by rejecting the financial allocations for government programs and projects included in the draft. The process of approving the draft law of the general budget raises a matter of utmost importance concerning the House's right to amend and reject the draft after the government has prepared it based on lengthy technical procedures and studies. The focus of the research is on the Iraqi Budget Law (the Triennial Budget) for the years 2023-2025 through voting on it and examining the legality of the budget, as this case is a new type in Iraq by following its procedures and outcomes and its compatibility with the State Financial Management Law.

Constructing Verbal Sentences in the Supplication of Arafah Day for Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (AS): A Syntactic Study

حوراء غازي عناد السلامي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

Praise be to Allah, a praise that is befitting only for Him, and no one should be praised except Him. It is a praise that is continuous for the First and is called upon for the Last. It is a praise that multiplies over the passing of time and increases exponentially. O Lord, send blessings upon Muhammad and his pure family. After that, the Sajjadiyya Supplication represents a profound impact of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him). It is a precious book that resembles its owner. It expresses the ideas that the Imam intended to present to society in order to be a means of spreading the teachings of the Quran and the manners of Islam. It is an innovative method of teaching that is not subject to suspicion or criticism. It is presented in the highest forms of Arabic literature. It carries the noble goals of the true religion and the deepest secrets of monotheism and prophethood. It is the most authentic way to teach the ethics of Prophet Muhammad. I have attempted, to the best of my humble ability, to read and contemplate the Sajjadiyya Supplication and explore its contents. It contains a vast amount of phrases and structures that deeply and accurately convey the context. This has led me to delve into the construction of Arabic sentences and clarify their impact on directing meaning. It is a semantic study within the limits of the sentence, according to the method of analyzing linguistic discourse, and clarifying its impact on the level of discourse and the change in its meanings through the use of different stylistic devices such as deletion, mention, negation, emphasis, shortening, repetition, command, prohibition, and astonishment. The supplications of the Sajjadiyya were a broad field for this study. It is a text that refuses to be read only once and refuses to end. I have selected one of its supplications, which is the supplication of the Day of Arafah, in which Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) addressed various topics, including the oneness and glorification of Allah. In it, we discover the Imam's perfect knowledge of Allah and the depth of his faith. He also criticizes deviant situations by reminding us of the status of Muhammad and his family (peace be upon them) as the remaining proof of Allah on earth. In his supplication, he calls for the construction of an Islamic personality at both the individual and social levels. Therefore, the research is titled "The Impact of Sentence Construction on Directing Meaning in the Supplication of the Day of Arafah by Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon him)." It is astonishing that the supplication contains all types of verbal sentences, as if it were a mini Sajjadiyya book. The research consists of two sections preceded by an introduction that discusses the definition of a sentence linguistically and terminologically, clarifying the difference of opinion among grammarians regarding whether a sentence and speech are synonymous or if there is a difference between them. The first section of the research explains the impact of sentence construction in directing the meaning of the supplication of the Day of Arafah, focusing on the impact of verbal sentence construction in directing the meaning of time, whether from the present to the past, from the present to the past, from the present to the future, or from the present to the future. It clarifies that the verb may deviate from its verbal temporal meaning to other meanings due to linguistic and semantic factors in the context of the supplication, thus changing the temporal meaning to another meaning. The section also discusses the confirmed verbal sentence, the negated verbal sentence, and the construct sentence in its two divisions. This is what I have attempted to present in these lines, acknowledging in advance any shortcomings and deficiencies. If there is any merit, it is from the grace of my Lord. Our final supplication is that all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds.

Raids of the Slavs and Avars on the Byzantine provinces 562 - 602 A.D.

نعيم كريم عجمي الشويلي, تغريد ابراهيم الجاسمي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The history of the Byzantine Empire and its conflict with the Slavs and Avars is a critical stage for it, as it was exposed during the period 562-602 AD its borders in the Balkans to penetrate by those barbarian tribes, taking the method of hit-and-run as a way to attack them. In the face of the looting, looting and burning of the lands of the empire from these barbarian groups began to follow several methods to disintegrate this alliance and repel the threat of the Slavs and Avars from the inhabitants of the Balkan provinces Byzantine followed the possible means to dismantle this alliance as a result of the destruction of its lands, at a time when the empire was busy with its war with the Persians, which threatened its authority in its southern and eastern parts and how the empire overcame these problems and difficulties faced by this alliance, which was held with the beginning of The sixties of the sixth century AD.

The Fields of Kinetic Interpretation

حوراء باقر عبدالزهره — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The Holy Qur’an is divine, immortal, and a constitution for Muslims, from which doctrinal, legal, and moral rulings are derived. It contains answers to contemporary questions and solutions to emerging problems. This is what is known as kinetic interpretation. The research will focus on four areas of kinetic interpretation: the educational, social, political, and economic fields, and one application for each field. One of these areas of interpretation.

Adaptive leadership behaviors and their impact on building strategic differentiation for tourism services: an analytical exploratory study of travel and tourism companies in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates.

عادل هادي حسين البغدادي, معتز حميد رحيم الخزعلي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

Purpose: The current research aims to test the effect of adaptive leadership behaviors in building strategic differentiation of tourism service through a sample of employees in travel and tourism companies in the Middle Euphrates region. Methodology/Design: The problem of the study was embodied in a number of questions, the most important of which is whether there is an effect of adaptive leadership behaviors in building the strategic differentiation of tourism service. The study relied on the descriptive approach because of its advantages, as it allows for an accurate and comprehensive description of the phenomenon, and a variety of tools can also be used (interviews, questionnaires). ). The study used questionnaires as a tool for collecting data. (170) questionnaires were distributed to employees in the surveyed companies. The retrieved questionnaires (160) and the excluded ones (6), which were subjected to statistical analysis (154), were questionnaires. The study relied on statistical programs (SPSS v.24) and (SMART PLS v.4) Cognitive conclusions and results: Adaptive leadership behaviors are practices that enable organizations to develop their ability to adapt to a complex environment by mobilizing human resources and directing them to achieve the organization's desired goals. The results showed a significant effect of the independent variable (adaptive leadership behaviors) on the dependent variable (strategic service differentiation). This indicates that adaptive leadership behaviors contribute to building strategic differentiation by creating appropriate conditions for human resources to work within an effective organizational environment.

The Degree of Applied Students' Use of Modern Technical Skills at Imam Al-Kadhim (AS) College from the Instructors' Perspective

احمد لطيف عبد الله الحسني, نصير محمد ظاهر الجبوري — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The study aimed to identify the degree of application students' use of modern technical skills at Imam Al-Kadhim College from the point of view of the teachers. Modern technology, and then he converted the list into a questionnaire to be applied to the study sample. The results of the study indicated that the degree of student’s practice of modern technical skills was medium with an arithmetic mean of (70.3), and the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences.

The Role of Intellectual Security in Protecting Society from Extremism According to Islamic Legislation

حيزومه شاكر رشيد صالح, عمار باسم صالح — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research tried to highlight that the concept of intellectual security is one of the modern concepts that were not known in our Islamic culture in its wording, but its content is ancient, as Islamic intellectual security is a necessary need, life is not straight without it; Rather, it is the basis of security for societies in general, and it is the most important of them, and the basis for their existence and continuity, as it is an essential element in preserving the five necessities that the Islamic Sharia came to preserve. The research showed that what helps religious coexistence in multi-sectarian and multi-religious countries is the expansion of the circle of belonging in the country, and that acquaintance, rapprochement and achieving peace is one of the goals for which man was created. The research showed that the Islamic intellectual security is a prominent feature of the establishment of the Islamic society in the era of the Prophet, and it is one of the foundations of the protection of society from temptations, and its slipping into the corridors of darkness. General and in the city document in particular. The research highlighted a number of facts after the introductions leading to it were addressed. The research showed the importance of activating the right of citizenship in society and the effective mechanism to reduce strife and sectarian, ethnic and sexual conflicts in any society on the basis of equality and non-discrimination. Rejecting extremism has an impact on the consolidation of an important goal of the purposes of Sharia, which is to preserve people's minds, from declining towards corrupt perceptions and deviant ideas. Therefore, it has become necessary to warn the common people against entering into understanding scientific issues and building their perceptions according to their own readings that are not disciplined by the principles and rules of thinking. Scientific and academic. The research confirmed that the Qur’anic text showed, through its connotations, the importance of the element of citizenship in the life of a Muslim. Therefore, we find that it presented to us a number of experiences that the prophets of God went through while they were subjected to a state of forced evacuation from their country. The research concluded that peaceful coexistence is an agreement, acceptance and moral reconciliation between people in their dealings and transactions wherever they are at the same time and place.

Mother and Her Status in Islam

بلسم ابراهيم زيدان, اسراء ديوان قاسم, جليلة فياض ساجت, ضياء الدين حمزة اسماعيل — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research showed the role played by the mother in spreading the Sunnah of the Prophet from the beginning of Islam to the third century AH, and what are the problems facing the mother in particular and women in general in spreading the Sunnah. The importance of this research lies in its topic related to the status of the mother in Islam, her role in spreading the purified Prophet's Sunnah and her role in creating a generation that is aware and educated in the correct culture of Islam. The research stressed on showing the tolerance, flexibility and breadth of the Islamic Sharia, the interests of the servants for every time and time. The importance of the research lies in the fact that it gives a picture of the mother inside her home, family and educational institutions in terms of knowing her circumstances and approaching her problems. The research concluded the extent of the importance of the mother in the Islamic community and her effort that she is doing in accordance with the solution of the problems she faces in the community in terms of her dissemination of the Sunnah of the Prophet.

The Implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Food Security in Iraq

حسين علي عويش الشامي, ساره صالح مهدي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research discusses the repercussions of the war between Russia and Ukraine on global economic and food security, with a focus on potential effects on foreign trade. It examines the economic reforms in Russia and its transition to a market economy after the collapse of the Soviet Union, impacting the country's developmental trajectories. The research also reviews the Ukrainian economic reality and its strategic importance, emphasizing the analysis of potential repercussions of the war on food security for the Iraqi economy. The research is divided into three main axes: the reality of the Russian economy between two stages, analyzing the reality of the Ukrainian economy and its strategic importance, and the repercussions of the Russian-Ukrainian war on food security for the Iraqi economy

The Revolution in the Perspective of Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari

سامي جودة الزيدي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research will study the reformist biography of Abu Dharr al-Ghafari, what the revolution means in his perspective, how he expressed it in practice, and what hardship he faced as a result of his steadfastness and valiant sacrifice in standing up to injustice, and what is the position of Ahl al-Bayt, especially the Commander of the Faithful, towards Abu Dhar al-Ghafari, the rebellious who He walked where he found the path of Ahl al-Bayt on the path of jihad and reformist revolution.

The effect of climatic elements on the efficiency of land roads in Dhi Qar Governorate

Dr. Ali Ali Hassan Ibrahim — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The climate is one of the important natural factors affecting human comfort and health, and it has been shown through the research hypotheses that the climatic elements have clear negative effects on the efficiency of operating the road network in Dhi Qar Governorate, but the level of these effects has varied between one climatic element and another, as the annual average temperature rises And its decrease during the summer and winter seasons has left its side effects on the daily movement of transport and traffic, as well as the precipitation had a similar negative role also on the movement of transport by causing a lot of mechanical breakdowns of vehicles as well as its direct role in the occurrence of many serious traffic accidents. As for the elements of wind and dust storms, their effects were clearly evident over the frontal vision of the drivers, and thus obstructed traffic and lengthened the travel time taken to reach the destinations. The same applies to the fog element, which is clearly active during the early hours of the morning on some days of the year

The Aesthetics of Color and Its Significance in the Poems of Yusuf Al-Sayigh

أماني حارث مالك الغانمي, إحسان ناصر حسين الزبيدي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

Undoubtedly, the arts, in their various verbal and auditory forms, are expressive patterns through which humans shape their human experiences and present their perceptions of themselves and the world they live in. Poetry, as a verbal art with a descriptive nature, is the creative poet's endeavor to shape an alternative parallel world to the real world, where their dreams, hopes, and aspirations are realized. They achieve this by transforming the visual reality into a visual verbal text. It is from here that the journey of uncovering the close artistic relationship between words and colors began, and expressing the semantic and aesthetic functions of colors - with their emotional qualities - in the poems of Yusuf Al-Sigh, which are rich in imagery, colors, shades, and lines. Images are the pillar of expression for this poet and his effective means of stimulating the imagination of the recipient.

Architectural History in India (Qutb Minar Mosque as a Case Study)

صابر محمود سلوم, معتصم مالك عود, ابراهيم حسين الجبوري — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

I was chosen for my research tagged (architectural history in India, the Power of Islam Mosque as a model) in Delhi because of the importance of this mosque in the minds of Muslims and Hindus alike and in order to study an important architectural aspect of our Islamic human heritage that is absent from the minds of researchers, especially Muslims, which need specialized scientific studies that highlight Revealing the art of architecture among Muslims during the twelfth century AD, which was not purely Islamic, but the local Indian artistic heritage had a great role in crystallizing the ideas of the architects who built this mosque and were inspired by some local artistic and architectural elements such as the sacred lotus flower, as well as the cupolas with human forms in raising The domes of the mosque.This study was the result of the field visit that we made to this mosque, and it was studied thoroughly by taking measurements of the mosque and its architectural elements, preceded by a historical study on the emergence of the first mosques in India, the historical events associated with them, and the origins of some local architectural elements, as well as the decorative formations and their mutual influences between the central regions of Asia. And the Indian subcontinent, as well as my reliance on foreign and Arab references in writing this research. I also dealt in this study with the layout and architecture of the mosque and the most important increases that occurred to it during the reign of Qutb al-Din Aibak and the Mamluk Sultan al-Tamash and his successor, Ala al-Din al-Khilji, and I reinforced my research with a group of paintings and pictures about this mosque Wonderful. And from God is success

أثر الطلاق على حقوق الاولاد

نادية علي حسن — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research dealt with the impact of divorce on the rights of children, and dealt with the definition of divorce and its causes, as well as an indication of the most important rights of children on parents and the extent of the impact of divorce on those rights, and in conclusion with the results and proposals.

The American Foreign Policy and the Ramifications of the War on Terror: ISIS as a Case Study

حميد نعمة الصالحي — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The phenomenon of terrorism is one of the features that emerge in human societies from one era to another, but it differs in form, content, and behavior in these societies, and since society is an essential component within the framework of the political system and the state, and with the different nature of the state in terms of historical, cultural, economic, political and administrative aspects, it called for different reasons And the driving motives for the phenomenon of terrorism in society, and this is what prompted some to consider that the main engine of terrorism is the extremist intellectual and religious ideologies that are the most influential factors in the phenomenon of terrorism. The growth of the phenomenon of terrorism prompts us to say that terrorism has become in many cases a substitute for regular war, or that it is a war of another kind. Which threatens the security and stability of all peoples of the world, and this will only be done through a comprehensive international agreement.

Islam's position on treaties

ظاهر محسن عبدالله — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The Arabs before Islam knew treaties and alliances, due to differences and aggression against each other, which prompted them to ally and conclude treaties with their neighboring tribes or tribes that impede their movement and trade, as well as gaining strength and victory from others when they engage in a specific battle or respond to an attack on their tribe from their neighbors or From others, so we find that this tribe has allied itself with another tribe for the purpose of gaining supremacy and control over the closest tribes close to it, and this situation includes almost most of the Arab and non-Arab tribes, and the situation has changed after the emergence of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, so loyalty to religious belief became first and last, Commitment to fulfilling promises, alliances and treaties, and not treachery and betrayal, and this is indicated by the texts of the Noble Qur’an and the narrations issued by the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers be upon him and his family, and the infallible imams, peace be upon them. This is a study on the position of Islam on concluding treaties and the necessity of fulfilling them. This study was divided into the following demands: The first requirement: the definition of treaties in language and terminology. The second requirement: Treaties among the pre-Islamic Arabs. The third requirement: the treaties of Islam and the obligation to fulfill them. The fourth requirement: types of treaties in Islamic law. The fifth requirement: the treaties of the Prophet (PBUH) with the infidels and the People of the Book. The sixth requirement: Treaties of Muslims with others after the death of the Prophet (PBUH). Then I finished with the results of the research and a conclusion, and praise be to the Lord of the Worlds.

The Reality of Natural Resources in Hawr Al-Hammar and Ways of Utilizing Them from 1980 to 2023

صادق علي سعيد — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The donkey marsh enjoys enormous natural resources، whether plant، animal، or mineral resources in the ground، or tourism، and even idle human resources that live in semi-unemployment in comparison to the strenuous efforts they exert in order to extract their daily sustenance in a primitive manner. These riches، and those exploited in particular، have been considered among the main sources of the Iraqi economy since ancient times. Reeds and papyrus are used for building housing and food، such as maple sweets، and for industry، such as paper making، in addition to the medicinal uses of most marsh plants and animal products for food، such as birds and fish، which are a major food source for most of Iraq’s population because of their value. As for livestock، their economic importance lies in obtaining their products، such as meat، milk، its derivatives، and wool، as there are industries associated with animal products، such as the manufacture of meat، cheese، dairy، and other natural resources. However، these resources decreased in the donkey marsh from what it was previously in the eighties of the last century due to the drought to which it was exposed. The marsh، whether due to the policy followed in drying the marsh during the time of the previous regime or as a result of the lack of water imports reaching it from the rivers that currently feed it. As for oil wealth، there are several oil fields in the marsh، in addition to the tourism activity in which has emerged in the recent period، as it has become The marsh attracts tourists from inside and outside Iraq، especially in the spring and is absent in the summer due to high temperatures and the drying up of the marsh waters. In winter، tourism decreases due to low temperatures.

تحليل بعض مؤشرات الشمول المالي واثارها على القروض المتعثرة في العراق للمدة(2011- 2021)

عادل سلام كشكول, غالب شاكر بحيت — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research deals with some indicators of financial Comprehensive that would affect non-performing loans within the scope of the Iraqi economy، and the most important determinants and obstacles that have a direct or indirect role on the effectiveness of economic policies related to the above have been highlighted. It harmonizes the indicators of financial Comprehensive، and thus its reflection on the credit risks of the banking sector in its overall form. As for the importance of the research and its goal، it focused on diagnosing the reality of the Iraqi banking sector and the opportunities and challenges related to the level of financial services، and within a scope related to the limits of the spatial research associated with Iraq as a case study and the temporal limits 2011- 2021، as for the conclusions، the banking default was considered a basic determinant to reach this financial and economic stability، in addition to that the indicators of financial inclusion in Iraq showed very low rates، which negatively affected the achievement of financial stability policies in particular، and at the level of the national economy in general، and there is no doubt that the high percentages Lagging loans correspond to the low indicators of financial inclusion. The research concluded its recommendations، the most important of which is focusing on productive loans، reducing consumer loans as much as possible، relying on electronic services and strengthening financial inclusion tools.

The Pedagogical Perspective on Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Multimodality in EFL Classroom.

Wafaa Mokhlos Faisal, Riyadh Sarhan Jabur Al Jebouri — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

This study aims to investigate the application of the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach and Multimodality in genre-based learning, with a particular emphasis on textual metafunction. The research examined the coherence and cohesion of student learning patterns. Iraqi EFL teachers utilized basic frequency observation to support the use of Multimodality genre. The study point out that the texts exhibited certain aspects of coherence and cohesion and a limited understanding of the instructional genre, which is dependable with the findings of universal and regional studies. In some instances, however, textual metafunction in educational learning was either inappropriate or lacked target language complexity. The learners occasionally demonstrated a need for certain genre-specific elements, excessive reliance on simple, cohesion-promoting devices, and limited use of more complex devices. This paper aims to examine the implications SFL and multimodality to help students produce more proficient and persuasive communication context.

The Role of Silence and its Influence on Female Characters in a Amy Tan’s novel The Kitchen God's Wife

Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

This research offers a valuable addition to the comprehension of silence that challenges the conventional perspective of interpreting silence as a manifestation of the incapability to interact or communicate with others. Drawing upon Margaret E. Montoya's views, this study examines Amy Tan's novel, The Kitchen God's Wife, to argue that silence can serve as a form of resistance against oppression or as a consequence of oppression. Within the novel, female characters possess the capacity to articulate their thoughts through language; nevertheless, they consciously choose to remain silent due to certain reasons that will be elucidated in this investigation.

Patriarchy, and Colonialism in Ama Ata Aidoo's Anowa : A Feminist Approach

Dr. Ammar Shamil Kadhim Al-Khafaji — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The research investigates in detail the fascinating story of its title character, which may work as an allegory for Africa itself in its past. Ama Ata Aidoo is miscellaneous writers who wrote in different literary genre like drama, short stories novel and, poetry and criticism. She is also an active feminist. Aidoo is against the colonial practice and its influence on African minds. Aidoo's play Anowa confronts painful issues in Africa's past, mostly those of the slave trade. She goes further to tackle issues of patriarchal domination and African feminism, like the relationships between individuals and society, women and motherhood, men and women, husbands and wives, mothers and daughters, and above all the future invasion of ancient traditions. Anowa is an exciting play full of deep questions.

The Story of Arabic Language: Historical Linguistics Study

Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 -0400

In this study, the researcher studies Arabic as one of the surviving languages of the Semitic family. This study also highlights the historical development of Arabic pre-Islam, after the advent of Prophet Mohammed and Islam, and after the end of the Islamic empire, and all the ups and downs that the Arabic Language went through during its development. Accordingly, these changes resulted in various Arabic languages, such as Classic Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and Colloquial Arabic. Most Arabs can speak standard Arabic in formal situations and a dialect for everyday communications; this case is named diglossia.