تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي في صياغة السياسات العامة واتخاذ القرار السياسي في الحكومات الحديثة

Abstract

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on public policy formulation and political decision-making in modern governments, with a focus on Iraqi governmental institutions. In recent decades, the world has witnessed significant advancements in modern technology, with AI emerging as a key tool for data analysis, improving decision-making processes, and designing public policies with greater accuracy and efficiency. The study aims to determine the extent to which AI contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of governmental operations, reducing human errors, and increasing the speed and objectivity of political decision-making. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach using questionnaires distributed to employees of ministries and governmental agencies in Baghdad. The sample included 180 participants from various administrative levels and educational backgrounds. Statistical analysis software (SPSS) was used to assess the relationship between AI and the two main research variables: public policy formulation and political decision-making. The findings indicate that AI significantly improves the quality of information gathering and data analysis, with item averages ranging between 3.89 and 4.12, reflecting participants’ high appreciation of its role in supporting decision-making. AI also enhances the effectiveness of public policy formulation by providing accurate data, improving resource allocation, increasing transparency, and reducing bureaucracy, with averages ranging from 3.92 to 4.02. Regarding political decision-making, the results show that AI reduces risks associated with critical decisions, promotes objectivity, and accelerates the decision-making process, with averages ranging from 3.96 to 4.02. Correlation and regression analyses confirmed a strong, statistically significant positive relationship between AI and both public policy formulation (r = 0.72) and political decision-making (r = 0.69), with AI explaining approximately half of the variance in both variables (R² = 0.52 and 0.48). Multiple regression analysis further indicated that AI remains the most influential factor on both variables when controlling for other factors (β = 0.71). The study recommends enhancing the integration of AI across all stages of governmental work, developing digital infrastructure, training personnel on smart tools, encouraging innovation in policy formulation, and establishing mechanisms to monitor performance and evaluate the outcomes of AI use. The research concludes that AI represents an effective strategic tool for supporting modern governments, contributing to more accurate, objective, and flexible decision-making in the face of political and social challenges.