رؤية الهلال عند الشيخ البهائي العاملي(ت1031ه)، في ضوء دعاء الإمام السجاد(عليه السلام)، دِراسة فقهية تفسيرية لغوية

Abstract

This research deals with the sighting of the crescent moon according to Sheikh Baha’i al-Amili in light of the supplication of Imam al-Sajjad (peace be upon him), as a jurisprudential issue with linguistic, interpretive and spiritual dimensions The first section begins by explaining the concept of the crescent moon according to linguists, who defined it as the moon in its early appearance after the new moon, and its name is derived from the word “al-ihlal,” meaning raising one’s voice when seeing it. The study showed that linguists agree that the crescent moon applies only to the first nights and not to the rest of the moon’s phases،  The research then moves on to presenting the jurisprudential opinions related to the crescent moon, explaining the effect of the linguistic definition in deriving the legal ruling، In the second section, he discusses the ruling on following the Prophet when seeing the crescent moon Sheikh Baha’i believes it is desirable to follow the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in words and deeds when seeing the crescent moon This section emphasizes that following the Prophet has a devotional and ethical dimension, and is not merely a formal act. The third point addresses the times for supplication and the ruling on sighting the new moon, emphasizing that sighting the new moon is a communal obligation to establish the beginning of the month. It also clarifies that the time of sighting the new moon is considered a blessed time for supplication to be answered, and Sheikh Baha'i (may God have mercy on him) connects the legal ruling with the spiritual dimension of supplication at this moment. In the fourth section, the research presents the supplications narrated when looking at the crescent moon, especially the supplication of Imam al-Sajjad, peace be upon him, mentioned in al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. The interpretive analysis shows that the supplication contains deep doctrinal and educational meanings, and the linguistic analysis reveals the accuracy of the words and their harmony with the legal purpose. The research confirms that these supplications reinforce the connection between time and worship. The fifth point addresses the etiquette that should be observed when reciting the supplication, including purity, facing the qibla, presence of heart, and awareness of God's greatness. Sheikh Baha'i (may God have mercy on him) explains that these etiquettes perfect the effect of the supplication and enhance its acceptance. The research concludes that the sighting of the crescent moon is not a purely jurisprudential matter, but rather an occasion that combines legal ruling and spiritual meaning. Sheikh Baha'i's vision embodies the integration of jurisprudence with interpretation and language, reflecting the depth of the Islamic approach to dealing with time and worship.